Tier 1
Observation Is Not Cause
Shared timing is not a mechanism. Name the link, or label it Inferred.
Phainomenon™: what was observed, and which mechanisms could produce that same signal? Temporal proximity is not proof of causation.
Tier 1
Premises First
If the category is wrong, every fact stacked on it will be too.
Noetikon™: name the question, seek a primary source, test a model, keep the unknown. Elegant theory cannot replace evidence.
Tier 2
Closed Models
A belief that cannot name a disconfirming test is no longer analytical.
Ask: what evidence would cause this conclusion to change? If the answer is nothing, stop treating it as analysis.